{"id":7116,"date":"2025-07-14T15:32:08","date_gmt":"2025-07-14T15:32:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/?p=7116"},"modified":"2026-04-28T02:32:55","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T02:32:55","slug":"eastern-towhee-eato","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/eastern-towhee-eato\/","title":{"rendered":"Eastern Towhee (EATO)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em>Pipilo erythrophthalmus<\/em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group top-white has-gold-tint-2-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1539\" height=\"1154\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.30.46\u202fPM-edited.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7120 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.30.46\u202fPM-edited.png 1539w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.30.46\u202fPM-edited-720x540.png 720w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.30.46\u202fPM-edited-1280x960.png 1280w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.30.46\u202fPM-edited-240x180.png 240w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.30.46\u202fPM-edited-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.30.46\u202fPM-edited-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.30.46\u202fPM-edited-480x360.png 480w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1539px) 100vw, 1539px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1539px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1539\/1154;\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Male Eastern Towhee&nbsp; \u00a9 Daniel Emlin \/<a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/139697781\"> Macaulay Library<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1368\" height=\"1026\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.30.50\u202fPM-edited.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7121 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.30.50\u202fPM-edited.png 1368w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.30.50\u202fPM-edited-720x540.png 720w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.30.50\u202fPM-edited-1280x960.png 1280w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.30.50\u202fPM-edited-240x180.png 240w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.30.50\u202fPM-edited-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.30.50\u202fPM-edited-480x360.png 480w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1368px) 100vw, 1368px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1368px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1368\/1026;\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Female Eastern Towhee&nbsp;\u00a9 Marky Mutchler \/<a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/216959601\"> Macaulay Library<\/a>&nbsp;<br><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:70% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"849\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.32.15\u202fPM-1280x849.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7119 size-full lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.32.15\u202fPM-1280x849.png 1280w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.32.15\u202fPM-720x478.png 720w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.32.15\u202fPM-768x509.png 768w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.32.15\u202fPM-1536x1019.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.32.15\u202fPM-480x318.png 480w, https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-22-at-11.32.15\u202fPM.png 2032w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/849;\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-warm-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-007e89f516437c06f8c1c6aee72caa5f\">Range <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Eastern Towhees breed throughout the northeastern and midwestern U.S. and along the borderlands of Canada. Their breeding range spans from North Dakota through Southern Maine and from southeastern Ontario to northern Virginia with isolated breeding populations in the Turtle Mountains, ND; Qu\u2019Appelle Valley, SK; and in some areas of southwestern New Brunswick and central\/northern Nova Scotia. The wintering range of Eastern Towhees spans from across the northeastern and southern U.S. from Pennsylvania through Florida and Texas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Additional Maps<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/guide\/Eastern_Towhee\/maps-range\">All About Birds Range Map<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/science.ebird.org\/en\/status-and-trends\/species\/eastow\/abundance-map\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/science.ebird.org\/en\/status-and-trends\/species\/eastow\/abundance-map\">eBird Status and Trends&nbsp;<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/22721310\/136948895\">IUCN Red List<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-sky-blue-neutral-background-color has-has-sky-blue-neutral-background-color-background-color has-background remove-margin-bottom is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column right-border is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\">Identification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Eastern Towhees are medium-sized birds with thick bills and long tails. Adult males have black upperparts, throats, heads, and wings, with rufous sides and white bellies, and white tail and wing corners. Adult females are patterned similarly to males, but with brown upperparts, throats, heads, and wings rather than black. In southern American populations, individuals have pale white eyes rather than dark or reddish eyes. Juveniles have similar coloration to females but lack the rufous sides, instead sporting brown-streaked bellies.\u00a0Male Eastern Towhees give a <em>drink-your-tea!<\/em> song with a sharp, metallic starting note and a musical trill final note. Sometimes the song will begin with multiple starting notes. Their most comon call is given by male and female individuals and consists of a two-parted, rising <em>chewink<\/em>, <em>tow-hee<\/em>, or <em>joree.<\/em> The call varies in tone based on geography and can range from clear whistles to hoarse or nasal tones. This call is most often an alarm call.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/guide\/Eastern_Towhee\/sounds\">Listen to its songs and calls here.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Habitat <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Eastern Towhees are commonly found on the edge of forests, in overgrown fields and woodlands, and in shrubby backyards or thickets. They prefer habitats with dense shrub cover and leaf litter for foraging. Towhees can be found at up to 6,500 feet of elevation, but favor the warmer, dryer slopes of the southern faces of mountains over the cool, moist northern faces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conservation Status&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Listed as <a href=\"https:\/\/datazone.birdlife.org\/species\/factsheet\/eastern-towhee-pipilo-erythrophthalmus\">Least Concern<\/a> by BirdLife International\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Listed as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/22721310\/136948895\">Least Concern<\/a> by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Given <a href=\"https:\/\/r2rbirds.org\/tipping-point-species\/\">Orange Alert<\/a> Status on Road to Recovery\u2019s Tipping Point Species\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Listed as <a href=\"https:\/\/explorer.natureserve.org\/Taxon\/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105602\/Pipilo_erythrophthalmus\">Secure<\/a> by NatureServe Explorer\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Status by State<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Listed as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.outdooralabama.com\/sites\/default\/files\/2025SWAP\/ActionPlanDraft\/Appendix%202.%20All%20Species%20Ranks.pdf\">Vulnerable<\/a> by Alabama State Species of Greatest Conservation Need<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Listed as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agfc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Arkansas-Wildlife-Action-Plan.pdf\">Vulnerable<\/a> by Arkansas State Species of Greatest Conservation Need (pg 1609)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Listed as <a href=\"https:\/\/documents.dnrec.delaware.gov\/fw\/dwap\/2015%20Submitted%20Documents\/Chapter%201.pdf\">Species of Greatest Conservation Need<\/a> by the 2015 Delaware Wildlife Action Plan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Listed as <a href=\"https:\/\/dem.ri.gov\/sites\/g\/files\/xkgbur861\/files\/programs\/bnatres\/fishwild\/swap\/SGCNBirds.pdf\">Species of Greatest Conservation Need<\/a> by the 2015 Rhode Island Wildlife Action Plan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Listed as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/doc\/ma-state-wildlife-action-plan-2015-full-pdf-download\/download\">Species of Greatest Conservation Need<\/a> by the 2015 Massachusetts Wildlife Action Plan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Listed as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wildlife.nh.gov\/wildlife-and-habitat\/wildlife-habitat-program\/habitat-types-and-species\">Species of Greatest Conservation Need<\/a> by the 2015 New Hampshire Wildlife Action Plan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Listed as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgc.pa.gov\/Wildlife\/WildlifeActionPlan\/Documents\/SWAP-CHAPTER-1-apx14a-birds.pdf\">Species of Greatest Conservation Need<\/a> by the 2015-2025 Pennsylvania Wildlife Action Plan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Listed as <a href=\"https:\/\/vtfishandwildlife.com\/sites\/fishandwildlife\/files\/documents\/About%20Us\/Budget%20and%20Planning\/WAP2015\/A2.-Bird-SGCN-%282015%29.pdf\">High Priority<\/a> by the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Listed as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wildlife.nh.gov\/wildlife-and-habitat\/wildlife-habitat-program\/habitat-types-and-species\">Species of Greatest Conservation Need<\/a> by the 2015 Virginia Wildlife Action Plan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:12px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Threats to Conservation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Eastern Towhees have experienced an annual decline of 1.4% between 1966 and 2015 or a cumulative decline of 53%, leaving them with a current estimated breeding population of 29 million and making them a species of low conservation concern. The population of Eastern Towhee rose in the mid-twentieth century with the decrease in American farming, which left fields unattended and overgrown. More recently, the development of these locations and the growth of shrublands have contributed to a decrease in habitat,&nbsp; resulting in further declines of Eastern Towhee populations.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-sand-background-color has-background top-border bottom-border left-border right-border is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Funding Opportunities<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/programs-initiatives\/acep-agricultural-conservation-easement-program\">Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfwf.org\/programs\/america-beautiful-challenge?activeTab=tab-2\">America the Beautiful Challenge<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinabirdclub.org\/grants\/\">Carolina Bird Club Conservation Grants<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/managing-land\/private-land\/community-forest\/program\">Community Forest Program<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfwf.org\/programs\/conocophillips-spirit-conservation-program?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">ConocoPhillips Partnership for Public and Private Land Managers<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbirding.org\/resources__trashed\/coa-mini-grant\/\">Connecticut Ornithological Association (COA) Mini Grant<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/conservationnation.org\/our-work\/grants\/\">Conservation Nation Grant Program<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dnr.state.mn.us\/grants\/habitat\/cpl\/index.html\">Conservation Partners Legacy Grant Program<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/outdoornebraska.gov\/conservation\/land-management\/conservation-reserve-program\/\">Conservation Reserve Program<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfwf.org\/programs\/delaware-river-program\">Delaware River Program<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/4states1source.org\/\">Delaware River Watershed Initiative<\/a>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/programs-initiatives\/eqip-environmental-quality-incentives\">Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/myfwc.com\/conservation\/special-initiatives\/swap\/grant\/\">Florida&#8217;s State Wildlife Grants Program<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iowadnr.gov\/portals\/idnr\/uploads\/Wildlife%20Stewardship\/mgt_grants.pdf\">Habitat Management Grants Program<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dnr.illinois.gov\/grants\/stewardshipgrants.html\">Illinois Natural Areas Stewardship Grant Program<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dnr.illinois.gov\/grants\/lwcf.html#:~:text=What%20is%20the%20LWCF%20Grant,are%20available%20for%20acquisition%20projects.\">Land and Water Conservation Fund Grant Program<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/grant-directory\/\">Land Trust Bird Conservation Initiative Small Grant Program<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mdc.mo.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-07\/FY24%20LCPG%20Conservation%20Easement%20Assistance%20Program%20-%20Initial%20Release.docx\">LPCG Conservation Easement Assistance Program <\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/guides\/masswildlife-habitat-management-grant-program\">MassWildlife Habitat Management Grant Program<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ohiodnr.gov\/buy-and-apply\/apply-for-grants\/grants\/dnap-research-grant\">Natural Areas Research Grant<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/outdoornebraska.gov\/conservation\/conservation-efforts\/natural-legacy-project\/\">Natural Legacy Program<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ohiodnr.gov\/buy-and-apply\/apply-for-grants\/grants\/natureworks\">Nature Works<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/service\/neotropical-migratory-bird-conservation-act-nmbca-grant-program\">Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act (NMBCA) Grant <\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfwf.org\/grants\/grants-library\">NFWF Grants Library<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfwf.org\/programs\/northeast-forests-and-rivers-fund\">Northeast Forests and Rivers Fund<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/program\/partners-fish-and-wildlife\">Partners for Fish and Wildlife Grant<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/programs-initiatives\/rcpp-regional-conservation-partnership-program\">Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tpwd.texas.gov\/wildlife\/wildlife-diversity\/nongame\/grants-and-research\/state-wildlife-grants\/\">Texas State Wildlife Grants<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thelawrencefoundation.org\/application-process\">The Lawrence Foundation- Environmental Grants<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/program\/migratory-birds\">The Migratory Bird Program<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/service\/tribal-wildlife-grants\">Tribal Wildlife Grants<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vaworkinglandscapes.org\/virginia-grassland-bird-initiative\/\">Virginia Grassland Bird Initiative<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.michigan.gov\/dnr\/buy-and-apply\/grants\/aq-wl\/wildlife-hab\">Wildlife Habitat Grant Program<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dnr.wisconsin.gov\/aid\/ForestLandowner.html\">Wisconsin Forest Landowner Grant Program<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/habitat.sd.gov\/resources\/woodyhabitat_programguidelines.aspx\">Woody Habitat Program<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>General Management Guides<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nwf.org\/Educational-Resources\/Wildlife-Guide\/Birds\/Eastern-Towhee\">National Wildlife Federation: Eastern Towhee<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/smithgilbertgardens.com\/3098\/\">Smith Gilbert Gardens: Eastern Towhee<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Regional Management Guides<\/summary>\n<div class=\"wp-block-birdpress-accordion accordion\" data-accordion=\"true\" data-allow-all-closed=\"true\"><div class=\"accordion-item\" data-accordion-item=\"true\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"accordion-title\"><span>Northeast<\/span><\/a><div class=\"accordion-content\" data-tab-content=\"true\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/indianaaudubon.org\/2017\/09\/02\/eastern-towhee\/\">Indiana Audubon: Eastern Towhee<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nvbirdalliance.org\/aah-sanctuary-species-eastern-towhee\">Northern Virginia Bird Alliance: Eastern Towhee<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ftp.granit.unh.edu\/resourcelibrary\/specialtopics\/forestwildlifesoils\/Habitats\/BMP_Species\/EasternTowhee\/EasternTowhee.pdf\">University of New Hampshire: Eastern Towhee<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-birdpress-accordion accordion\" data-accordion=\"true\" data-allow-all-closed=\"true\"><div class=\"accordion-item\" data-accordion-item=\"true\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"accordion-title\"><span>Midwest &amp; Central<\/span><\/a><div class=\"accordion-content\" data-tab-content=\"true\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/birds.outdoornebraska.gov\/eastern-towhee\/\">Birds of Nebraska<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dnr.illinois.gov\/education\/wildaboutpages\/wildaboutbirds\/wildaboutbirdssparrows\/family---passerellidae\/wabeasterntowhee.html\">Illinois Department of Natural Resources<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/indianaaudubon.org\/2017\/09\/02\/eastern-towhee\/\">Indiana Audubon: Eastern Towhee<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/files.dnr.state.mn.us\/assistance\/nrplanning\/bigpicture\/mnwap\/appendix_c.pdf\">Minnesota State Wildlife Action Plan<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mdc.mo.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-04\/SWAP.pdf\">Missouri State Wildlife Action Plan<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sdakotabirds.com\/species\/eastern_towhee_info.htm#:~:text=The%20Eastern%20Towhee%20is%20the,found%20side%2Dby%2Dside.\">South Dakota Species Highlight<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/gfp.sd.gov\/UserDocs\/nav\/SD_Wildlife_Action_Plan_Revision_Final.pdf\">South Dakota State Wildlife Action Plan<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-birdpress-accordion accordion\" data-accordion=\"true\" data-allow-all-closed=\"true\"><div class=\"accordion-item\" data-accordion-item=\"true\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"accordion-title\"><span>Southeast<\/span><\/a><div class=\"accordion-content\" data-tab-content=\"true\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.birdinglouisiana.com\/bird\/towhees\/eastern-towhee\">Louisiana Birding<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mdc.mo.gov\/discover-nature\/field-guide\/eastern-towhee\">Missouri Department of Conservation<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinabirdclub.org\/gallery\/Cole\/eato_2.html\">The Carolina Bird Club<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/txtbba.tamu.edu\/species-accounts\/eastern-towhee\/\">The Texas Breeding Bird Atlas<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tn.gov\/twra\/wildlife\/birds\/grassland-and-shrub-birds\/eastern-towhee.html\">Tennesseee.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Resources<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/bird\/prairie-warbler\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/guide\/Eastern_Towhee\/overview\">All About Birds: Eastern Towhee<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.audubon.org\/field-guide\/bird\/eastern-towhee\">Audubon Bird Guide<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/auk\/search-results?page=1&amp;q=eastern%20towhee&amp;fl_SiteID=6200&amp;SearchSourceType=1&amp;allJournals=1\">Oxford Academic: Eastern Towhee<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/search\/publication?q=eastern+towhee\">ResearchGate: Eastern Towhee<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Works Cited<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/guide\/Eastern_Towhee\/overview\">All About Birds<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.birdpop.org\/docs\/misc\/Alpha_codes_eng.pdf\">Birdpop: Alpha Codes<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/birdsoftheworld.org\/bow\/species\/eastow\/cur\/introduction\">Birds of the World<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pipilo erythrophthalmus&nbsp; Identification Eastern Towhees are medium-sized birds with thick bills and long tails. Adult males have black upperparts, throats, heads, and wings, with rufous sides and white bellies, and white tail and wing corners. Adult females are patterned similarly to males, but with brown upperparts, throats, heads, and wings rather than black. In southern<a class=\"excerpt-read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/eastern-towhee-eato\/\" title=\"ReadEastern Towhee (EATO)\">&#8230; Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_birdpress_hero_toggle":false,"_birdpress_hero_type":"image","_birdpress_hero_image_type":"image","_birdpress_hero_style":"default","_birdpress_hero_ratio":"","_birdpress_hero_h1":"","_birdpress_hero_media_id":0,"_birdpress_hero_media_array_id":[],"_birdpress_hero_media_array":[],"_birdpress_hero_media":0,"_birdpress_hero_video_id":0,"_birdpress_hero_video":0,"_birdpress_hero_youtube":"","_birdpress_hero_content":true,"_birdpress_hero_byline":"","_birdpress_hero_byline_bottom":"","_birdpress_hero_button_link":"","_birdpress_hero_button_text":"","_birdpress_hero_button_color":"","_birdpress_hero_date":false,"original_guid":"","_birdpress_hide_search":false,"_birdpress_page_width":"","_birdpress_global_cta":false,"_birdpress_widget_sidebar":"","_birdpress_next_article":0,"_birdpress_next_article_title":"","_birdpress_prev_article":0,"_birdpress_prev_article_title":"","_birdpress_sub_navigation_id":0,"_birdpress_sub_navigation":"","_birdpress_sub_navigation_title":false,"_birdpress_anchor_navigation_id":0,"_birdpress_anchor_navigation":"","_birdpress_postType":"both","_birdpress_categoryID":0,"_birdpress_tagID":0,"_birdpress_parentPostID":0,"_birdpress_parentPostTitle":"","_birdpress_menuID":0,"_birdpress_menuName":"","_birdpress_listHeader":"","_birdpress_listLayout":"card-display","_birdpress_listColumns":"","_birdpress_maxItems":12,"_birdpress_listPaginate":true,"_birdpress_displaySort":true,"_birdpress_sortOrder":"DESC","_birdpress_sortBy":"date","_birdpress_listID":"","_birdpress_listClass":"","_birdpress_displayImages":true,"_birdpress_displayCaptions":false,"_birdpress_displayExcerpts":false,"_birdpress_attTop":"","_birdpress_attBottom":"","_birdpress_showLogos":false,"_birdpress_post_logo":0,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"wds_primary_category":1,"wds_primary_content-format":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[67,65,68],"content-format":[],"class_list":["post-7116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-mc-species","tag-nbhci-species","tag-species-account"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7116"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7116\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12078,"href":"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7116\/revisions\/12078"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7116"},{"taxonomy":"content-format","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/landtrust\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-format?post=7116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}