Northern Harrier (NOHA)

Identification

The Northern Harrier is a medium-sized hawk with owl-like traits, V-shaped wings, and a long tail. Adult males have gray upperparts, whitish underparts, and black wingtips, while females and juveniles are warm brown. Juvenile males have pale greenish-yellow eyes, while juvenile females have dark chocolate-brown eyes. As they mature, both sexes develop lemon-yellow eyes. All ages and sexes have a distinct white rump patch. Females are also larger than males, allowing differentiation between the two genders.

The Northern Harrier is known for its slow, low flight. Males court females with sky-dancing displays. Both are protective of the nest, with females incubating eggs and caring for the chicks, while males provide food. They nest on the ground, often in dense vegetation, either alone or in loose colonies. Occasionally, they walk or hop while retrieving prey or nesting materials. Juvenile harriers play and practice hunting skills by pouncing on objects. In winter, they roost in groups, sometimes with Short-eared Owls.

During courtship displays, both male and female Northern Harriers emit a rapid series of kek notes lasting one to two seconds. When threatened, they use higher-pitched kek notes. During the breeding season, the female Northern Harrier emits a piercing scream that serves as a signal to the male for either mating or bringing food. Listen to its calls here.